Originating from musculoskeletal surgery, that is, surgery of bones and joints, hand surgery has become a specialty in its own right, as the hand represents a surgical domain requiring expertise in orthopedics, plastic surgery, and microsurgery. Since it plays a role in all human activities, it is particularly affected by various types of trauma.

Orthopedic surgeons, general surgeons, and plastic surgeons work together to address all upper limb pathologies through a multidisciplinary approach in close collaboration with radiologists, rheumatologists, neurologists, rehabilitation specialists, and paramedical professionals (specialized physiotherapists and occupational therapists). Over time, surgical techniques have become increasingly complex and specialized, thanks to the contributions of surgeons considered pioneers and recognized as such by their peers and the scientific societies that represent them.